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Part 1
Read the text and answer questions 1–14.
Read the text below and answer Questions 1—7.
Adopt a wild dolphin
Where do the dolphins live?
These dolphins live in the Port River Estuary in Adelaide, South Australia. Researchers have studied them for over 15 years and have led a campaign to improve protection for the dolphins and their environment.
Why do the dolphins need your support?
The Port River dolphins face many threats including pollution, habitat damage, and marine litter. By adopting a dolphin you will be helping to protect its habitat and most urgently, to rescue any dolphin caught in fishing lines.
Choose your dolphin!
These amazing bottlenose dolphins live in three groups. There are 30 dolphins in the main estuary and they socialise with another group to the north and one to the south. Each group has a different habitat type.
A Sparkle
Sparkle and her calf, Twinkle, are often seen playing with other mother and calf pairs.
B Rob Roy
A young, dark and handsome male, Rob Roy is seen mostly on the edge of the research area.
C Scarlett
Scarlett has a scar shaped like a crescent on her dorsal fin, most probably from a shark attack when she was young.
D Spunky
A young Romeo, he’s often seen cruising for potential mates with his best friend, Buddy.
E Buddy
Buddy’s fin shows all the signs of a life of rugged encounters with rivals in the pursuit of romance.
F Captain Hook
A handsome, unmarked dolphin, he is named after his very long, curved dorsal fin.
G Phoebe
Phoebe and her calf, Sasha, have both nearly been caught in fishing lines but are now doing well.
H Billie
Billie is one of Adelaide’s best-loved dolphins, famous for swimming alongside racehorses training in the Port River.
$5 a month from 50 adopters could help monitor an individual whale or dolphin in the wild for a year.
$10 a month from 100 adopters could help to fund a study of an individual species in the wild and develop new strategies to protect it.
$20 a month from 100 adopters could help to set up a new field project
ADOPT TODAY!
Read the advertisements below and answer Questions 8-14.
A Affordable Moving
The best move you can make
Local Overseas shipping
Long distance Storage
Packing
Family owned and operated
Call for your free estimate.
Professional moving at an affordable rate
24 hours, 7 days a week. Call 277 4086
B U Drive
One way Truck Rental
GUARANTEED NEW MODEL VEHICLES
FREE ROADSIDE ASSISTANCE
GUARANTEED RESERVATIONS
All trucks include:
Move yourself and save
Low rate by the day, week or longer
Furniture pads and dollies
Mini storage available.
C PROFESSIONAL RELOCATION SERVICES
WORLD WIDE MOVING
FROM A SINGLE ITEM TO A FULL HOUSE
Special service for cars
Shared rates to and from Australia, Hong Kong, Japan, North America, South Africa, UK
Packing and unpacking services available
Packing crates, storage, customs bonded carrier
TOLL FREE 1899 960 1847
D Al’ Junk and Moving Express
Pick up furniture or small household items
Need a small truck to move? Cleaning up a yard?
Get rid of that junk!
Serving the local area 7341-8345
E GET MOVING
Car and Truck Rental
Move yourself and save
7 days a week, commercial rates
2 and 4-hour specialists
For reservations call 641-8193
F Blue Star
TAXI TRUCKS, REMOVALS, STORAGE
FOR ALL YOUR MOVING NEEDS
We take responsibility for, and insure, your goods
Modern fully equipped vehicles complete with safety handling equipment. Vehicles have furniture pads, tailgate loaders
Billiard table? Piano? Freezer? large pieces of furniture? awkward locations? No problem — our drivers and assistants are specialists
Booking is easy and fast Tel (04) 980 7012
Part 2
Read the text and answer questions 15–27.
Read the text below and answer Questions 15—20.
Mistakes when applying for a job
There are many mistakes that people make when writing their résumé (CV) or completing a job application. Here are some of the most common and most serious.
The biggest problem is perhaps listing the duties for which you were responsible in a past position: all this tells your potential employers is what you were supposed to do. They do not necessarily know the specific skills you used in executing them, nor do they know what results you achieved — both of which are essential. In short, they won’t know if you were the best, the worst, or just average in your position.
The more concrete information you can include, the better. As far as possible, provide measurements of what you accomplished. If any innovations you introduced saved the organization money, how much did they save? If you found a way of increasing productivity, by what percentage did you increase it?
Writing what you are trying to achieve in life — your objective — is a waste of space. It tells the employer what you are interested in. Do you really think that employers care what you want? No, they are interested in what they want! Instead, use that space for a career summary. A good one is brief — three to four sentences long. A good one will make the person reviewing your application want to read further.
Many résumés list ‘hard’ job-specific skills, almost to the exclusion of transferable, or ‘soft’, skills. However, your ability to negotiate effectively, for example, can be just as important as your technical skills.
All information you give should be relevant, so carefully consider the job for which you are applying. It you are applying for a job that is somewhat different than your current job, it is up to you to draw a connection for the résumé reviewer, so that they will understand how your skills will fit in their organization. The person who reviews your paperwork will not be a mind reader.
If you are modest about the skills you can offer, or the results you have achieved, a résumé reader may take what you write literally, and be left with a low opinion of your ability: you need to say exactly how good you are. On the other hand, of course, never stretch the truth or lie
Read the text below and answer Questions 21-27.
HEALTH AND SAFETY CERTIFICATE FOR THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY (H&S Certificate)
Who should register for this course?
The H&S Certificate is aimed at people who work as supervisors within the construction industry (whether or not that is part of their job title), who are required to ensure that activities under their control are undertaken safely.
Course duration
Option 1 — Conversion Course (for those who have a PHS Certificate — see below): 10 days, either one day a week or two weeks full-time
Option 2— Full Course (for all others): 15 days, either one day a week or three weeks full-time For both options, the written exam and practical assessment take half a day.
About the course
The course provides thorough preparation for the H&S Certificate, which is an award in health and safety specifically designed for the construction industry. It combines theory with practice, ensuring that those who gain the certificate are capable of managing health and safety throughout each stage of the construction process, from planning and design to use and finally demolition.
You may already be one step towards gaining an H&S Certificate
The PHS (Principles of Health and Safety) Certificate can be taken separately or as part of the H&S Certificate. If you gained this qualification no more than five years before entering for the H&S Certificate, it will be recognised as contributing to your Certificate without the need to repeat that unit of the course.
Course content
The H&S Certificate is divided into three units. Unit 1 covers the principles of health and safety (and is identical to the PHS Certificate), Unit 2 covers the identification and control of hazards, and Unit 3 deals with practical applications of health and safety.
How is the course assessed?
Candidates take written examinations for Units 1 and 2. Unit 3 is assessed by a practical examination testing the ability to identify health and safety issues in a construction workplace. Unit 3 needs to be taken within 14 days of a written examination.
A full certificate is issued on successful completion of all three units.
Funding
Candidates from non-EU countries may be eligible for a small number of grants. These cover the cost of tuition, but not examination fees. For details, please contact the Registrar.
Enquiries
For further information please contact our administration office.
Part 3
Read the text and answer questions 28–40.
The Penny Black
It might not have looked very impressive, but the Penny Black, now 170 years old, was the first stamp to be created and it launched the modern postal system in Britain.
Before 1840 and the arrival of the Penny Black, you had to be rich and patient to use the Royal Mail. Delivery was charged according to the miles travelled and the number of sheets of paper used; a 2-page letter sent from Edinburgh to London, for example, would have cost 2 shillings, or more than £7 in today’s money. And when the top-hatted letter carrier came to deliver it, it was the recipient who had to pay for the postage. Letter writers employed various ruses to reduce the cost, doing everything possible to cram more words onto a page. Nobody bothered with heavy envelopes instead; letters would be folded and sealed with wax. You then had to find a post office -there were no pillar boxes – and hope your addressee didn’t live in one of the several rural areas which were not served by the system. If you were lucky, your letter would arrive (it could take days) without being read or censored.
The state of mail had been causing concern throughout the 1830s, but it was Rowland Hill, an inventor, teacher and social reformer from Kidderminster, who proposed a workable plan for change. Worried that a dysfunctional, costly service would stifle communication just as Britain was in the swing of its second industrial revolution, he believed reform would ease the distribution of ideas and stimulate trade and business, delivering the same promise as the new railways.
Hill’s proposal for the penny post, which meant any letter weighing less than half an ounce (14 grams) could be sent anywhere in Britain for about 30p in today’s money, was so radical that the Postmaster General, Lord Lichfleld. said, ‘Of all the wild and visionary schemes which I ever heard of it is the most extravagant.’ Lord Lichfleld spoke for an establishment not convinced of the need for poor people to post anything. But merchants and reformers backed Hill. Soon the government told him to make his scheme work. And that meant inventing a new type of currency.
Hill quickly settled on ‘a bit of paper covered at the back with a glutinous wash which the user might, by applying a little moisture, attach to the back of a letter’. Stamps would be printed in sheets of 240 that could be cut using scissors or a knife. Perforations would not arrive until 1854. The idea stuck, and in August 1839 the Treasury launched a design competition open to ‘all artists, men of science and the public in general’. The new stamp would need to be resistant to forgery, and so it was a submission by one Mr Cheverton that Hill used as the basis for one of the most striking designs in history. Cheverton, who worked as a scu1ptor and an engineer, determined that a portrait of Queen Victoria, engraved for a commemorative coin when she was a 15-year-old princess, was detailed enough to make copying difficult, and recognisable enough to make fakes easy to spot. The words ‘Postage’ and ‘One Penny’ were added alongside flourishes and ornamental stars. Nobody thought to add the word ‘Britain’, as it was assumed that the stamps would solely be put to domestic use.
With the introduction of the new postal system, the Penny Black was an instant hit, and printers struggled to meet demand. By the end of 1840, more than 160 million letters had been sent— more than double the previous year. It created more work for the post office, whose reform continued with the introduction of red letter boxes, new branches and more frequent deliveries, even to the remotest address, but its lasting impact on society was more remarkable.
Hill and his supporters rightly predicted that cheaper post would improve the diffusion of knowledge’. Suddenly, someone in Scotland could be reached by someone in London within a day or two. And as literacy improved, sections of society that had been disenfranchised found a voice.
Tristram Hunt, an historian, values the ‘flourishing of correspondence’ that followed the arrival of stamps. ‘While I was writing my biography of Friedrich Engels I could read the letters he and Marx sent between Manchester and London,’ he says. ‘They wrote to each other three times a day, pinging ideas back and forth so that you can almost follow a realtime correspondence.’
The penny post also changed the nature of the letter. Weight-saving tricks such as cross-writing began to die out, while the arrival of envelopes built confidence among correspondents that mail would not be stolen or read. And so people wrote more private things politically or commercially sensitive information or love letters. ‘In the early days of the penny post, there was still concern about theft,’ Hunt says. ‘Engels would still send Marx money by ripping up five-pound notes and sending the pieces in different letters.’ But the probity of the postal system became a great thing and it came to be expected that your mail would not be tampered with.
For all its brilliance, the Penny Black was technically a tilure. At first, post offices used red ink to cancel stamps so that they could not be used again. But the ink could be removed.When in 1842, it was determined that black ink would be more robust, the colour of the Penny Black became a sort of browny red, but Hill’s brainchild had made its mark.